
Three good reasons to visit the Arctic Basin in 2021
125 years since the return of Nansen’s Fram expedition.
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125 years since the return of Nansen’s Fram expedition.
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Sea ice. A characteristic feature of the Polar Regions. What do you picture when you think of sea ice? An extensive vastness of white, a few cute seals soaking up vitamin D, polar bears on the prowl? Would you believe that underneath their flippers and paws, is an ecosystem humming with life?
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The thinning and retreat of the arctic sea ice has led to increased human presence in Arctic seas. Marine traffic is most likely to increase in the future, as are activities such as fishing, oil and mineral exploitation. All these activities increase the risk for oil spills in ice-covered waters. Yet, the technology used to monitor for marine oil spills in the World’s oceans is not yet applicable for ice-covered seas. A new study presents a first approach to overcome this limitation.
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Sustainable development is impossible without a healthy and productive ocean. That is why the United Nations has proclaimed 2021-2030 the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. The aim of the Decade is to generate new scientific knowledge to help improve the management of the oceans and coasts throughout the world.
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The question is not asked because we are curious about the bathing temperature before the holiday season – we know it is quite cold no matter which time of year refer to in the Barents Sea. But because we are trying to understand why climate change has such a big impact on the northern Barents Sea, and what the changes mean for the ecosystem.
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One and half year ago, four young scholars from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology started Skarv Technologies AS, a company delivering software- and hardware solutions for marine autonomous robotic systems. Among the four founders, are Nansen Legacy postdoctoral fellow Petter Norgren and Nansen Legacy PhD student Tore Mo-Bjørkelund.
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Waves marching through the sea ice is an amazing view. It is as if a white, snow-covered landscape suddenly starts gently undulating, the solid ground dancing rhythmically. The waves’ wildness from the open sea is tamed and dampened by the ice. Yet, the waves’ energy can break solid sea ice, greatly affecting sea ice drift, formation and melt. Hence, waves in ice are an important – yet not well understood – factor in the arctic physical environment.
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Ever heard of teleconnections? The image of a cell phone may pop up in your mind, but for three Nansen Legacy researchers this is all about how currents of air – far up in the atmosphere – connect the Barents Sea, its climate and sea ice conditions to regions on the other side of the planet. These are stories from our truly entangled and interconnected world
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Refrigerators are cooled by heat pumps, which transfer heat from the refrigerator’s inside to the outside environment. That way, the refrigerator’s inside is cooled to a temperature below room temperature. A similar mechanism makes the Barents Sea one of the worlds’ largest refrigerators. But how stable is the Barents Sea cooling machine? Can it break down as the fridges in our kitchens, and does it matter?
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During the first two days in the Barents Sea, we completed our first crossing of the Polar Front, all the way from the warm, saline Atlantic waters in the south, to the cold and fresher Arctic waters in the north to map the location of the Polar Front.
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It is said that we humans know more about the surface of the moon than the surface of our planet’s seafloor. If you knew how much we’re missing out! So much life and beauty can be found near the seabed.
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Primary producers: ice algae and phytoplankton
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A tribe of 36 scientists set sail to the Arctic Ocean on board research icebreaker Kronprins Haakon to study the northern Barents Sea in spring as part of the Nansen Legacy project. Despite all the technological advances since Nansen’s time you still need a good mix of skills and characters to make the mission a success. Our tribe certainly had that mix and it was a privilege to lead the tribe on its Arctic mission together as chief and co-chief.
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A homage to the beauty and diversity of the smallest animals in the sea
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We left port in Tromsø on May 14 th. Finally, after 10 days in isolation and meeting other cruise participants only as small faces on a video screen, we were released onto Helmer Hanssen, our home for the next nine days.
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For the first time in my life I am going to experience Phytoplankton blooming in Arctic. The vessel is soon ready to take us on board, and we are currently sitting in isolation at beautiful Sommarøy. My thoughts now are on the journey. How will it be?
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The buzz and hassle have paused for a moment. I am under an ice ridge in the Arctic Ocean. There is 15 meters of sea ice over me and some 3000 meters of water below. The world around me is deep blue except for some white patches of ice and the blackness of the abyss under me. Silence. Desolation. Love.
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The ocean is not as endless as we often think it is. It is actually divided into different domains and regions, ranging from the freezing cold polar waters to the hot tropical regions. Within each of the domains, species have evolved to deal with the challenging conditions within their home domain. But what if two domains meet and mix?
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Water, water everywhere on this blue planet. But there is also a dirtier side to the sea, because under the waves is solid (though often muddy) ground. Even dirt from land eventually reaches and lays to rest on the seafloor. The ground beneath the sea is in fact, critical for maintaining a healthy planet.
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The Nansen Legacy Q2 cruise has its own dive team with four scientific divers from the Norwegian Polar Institute: Divers Mikko Vihtakari and Amalia Keck, Divers/Dive leaders Peter Leopold and Haakon Hop.
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Imagine yourself lying on your back in a forest on a sunny spring day watching upwards to the tree tops. Warm rays of sunlight falling through the canopy warm your face and the song of birds echo in the distance. Now imagine all the tree trunks, branches and twigs are gone and just leaves floating lofty above you.
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In the Nansen Legacy project, we investigate the northern Barents Sea and the adjacent Nansen Basin. These important regions of the Arctic Ocean are particularly exposed to changes in our climate with consequences for the marine and ice-associated ecosystems.
To be able to distinguish seasonal variations from long-term trends but also to identify the development over a year –seasonal cruises constitute a key component in the Nansen Legacy project. Three seasonal cruises were already conducted in summer and autumn/early winter 2019 and late winter 2021.

Some days you win, some days you lose. Your car keys. A single sock out of your favorite pair. A 200-metre long rope worth hundreds of thousands of kroner in equipment and samples. No? Just us?
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Here on RV “Kronprins Haakon” in the northern Barents Sea we are our own tiny world, living and working together in a bubble almost completely remote from our regular world. In our microcosm, we are reminded that we all have to have some place to live, and to also understand how it works, so that the system we live in functions well.
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Hello from another fine day from the largest research vessel in Norway – Kronprins Haakon. After having a delicious pizza lunch on board today, I came up to the 7th deck (yes that’s right, this boat has 10 decks), to write this blog in the conference room – a nice, cozy room with a great view. How is a girl from the south of India where winter is 20 degrees, surviving up here in the Arctic, you ask?
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Life on board a research vessel has its own and unique rhythm. Time operates a little differently here, both because days are a bit intense with sample collection and analysis, but also because the ship simply has its own time zone. When doing research in the Arctic at this time of year, it is important to follow the sun as best you can. One consequence of this is that the higher powers on board RV Kronprins Haakon have decided that we will be two hours ahead of normal time on the Norwegian mainland. Sun is a precious resource in the Arctic in March, so in order to make the most of each day, we simply define the time ourselves.
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It’s been a week since we left Tromsø. The Kronprins Haakon has very quickly become our home, and we are enjoying life onboard. After a couple of days through rough seas, things are calmer now. Fast steaming through open water has now changed into slow steaming through ice that needs to be broken for us to pass. Rough seas caused some of us to get seasick, but that is now long gone. Silent rocky seas have now changed into stable noisy ice. Breaking through 40-70 cm thick ice is not noiseless and earplugs are now a must in the lower parts of the ship if you want to take a rest at any moment – day or night – whenever you are not working.
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Start of cruise with Research Vessel (R/V) Kronprins Haakon to look at winter processes in the northern Barents Sea and adjacent part of the Arctic Ocean.
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The story about 16 Nansen Legacy researchers on a cruise in the Arctic Ocean continues. This time we meet “The Captain” and a troublesome ice floe
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When Gandalf the Grey was struck by the Barlog and fell into the depths of the mountain at the bridge of Khazad dum, the Fellowship despaired. They had lost and old friend and their guide. When the underwater robot Harald did not return to the surface after a routine mission, the scientists on board the R/V Kronprins Haakon despaired.
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After almost a week on the Nansen Legacy winter process cruise, we now sail into the sea ice and stay there until we go south to Tromsø towards the end of February. A couple of days ago we saw the sun just above the horizon, and for us living in Longyearbyen it was a great moment of joy, having been four months without the sun!
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We left Longyearbyen on Tuesday evening 12th of February and have sailed south and east in search of ice. After four days, R/V Kronprins Haakon has reached 35 degrees east. Pancake ice is the first stage in ice forming and a clear sign that there have been waves in swing. We will measure these waves with a small instrument that stands on a stake in front of the bow. We have tried already, but after two days in open sea, it was covered with so much ice from sea spray that we almost did not get the instrument back on deck.
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When the first Fram-expedition returned to Norway in 1896, after three years frozen into the ice of the Arctic Ocean, a crew of 13 men was enthusiastically welcomed home and celebrated as heroes, above all the young Fridtjof Nansen. Hundred and twenty-five years after Fram, research vessels are exploring the Arctic Ocean on more regular basis, and onboard are men no longer among themselves. Women have become important contributors to the scientific exploration of the Arctic Ocean.
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On February 9th, R/V Kronprins Haakon departs on a winter process cruise to the Barents Sea in order to track and measure important processes taking place in the ocean during wintertime.
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People from the Nansen Legacy participating in Arctic Frontiers 2021.
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What do you think of when you think of the Arctic ocean? Belugas weaving through ice floes? Or maybe walruses sunbathing on a chilly beach? How about a polar bear hunting for its next seal snack?
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Interview with Louise Steffensen Schmidt (The Nansen Legacy), Postdoc at the Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo. Recently, she presented her research work in the lecture: Variability in glacier meltwater runoff to the Barents Sea, at the 3rd Nansen Legacy annual meeting, 10-12 November 2020.
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The jet stream is a highway for cyclones, while the sea ice edge has been thought to be a fuel station. Erica Madonnas new study shows that the fuel for cyclones is not simply linked to the location of the ice edge. She explains Barents Sea cyclones as a traffic system.
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In science, it is difficult to understand the whole picture when you only have fractions. As a puzzle, the Barents Sea is lacking some of the pieces to be a complete picture that you can hang on the wall.
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Scientists in movies and on television are often presented as brilliant people, knowing exactly what they do and what they want to achieve, furthermore, their experiments always succeed. That is, if they fail, they fail spectacularly, becoming mutants, blowing up the world or some such. This post is about real scientists and failing unspectacularly.
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When ocean waters with different properties, such as temperature, salinity and density, meet, they form a “front”. Ocean fronts are often rich in productivity and marine life, with high zooplankton and fish larvae concentrations. This makes fronts attractive for fishing vessels for obvious reasons
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Understanding who eats who is important to describe how nutrition and energy move between species in marine ecosystems. The field of research is flourishing like never before thanks to new technology and more advanced methods. These allow us to uncover hitherto unknown connections that occasionally shake up known paradigms in ecology.
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A first modelling study on the implementation of the “Balanced Harvesting” approach to fisheries management in the Barents Sea.
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Recent “Atlantification” of the Arctic is characterized by warmer ocean temperatures and a reduced sea ice cover. The Barents Sea is a “hot spot” for these changes, something which has broad socioeconomic and environmental impacts in the region. However, there is, at present, no complete understanding of what is causing the ocean warming.
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Warm Atlantic water (AW) that flows northward along the Svalbard west coast is thought to
transport enough heat to melt regional Arctic sea ice effectively. Despite this common assumption, quantitative requirements necessary for AW to directly melt sea ice fast enough under realistic winter conditions are still poorly constrained.

Last winter an almost forgotten sight presented itself to all those venturing the Barents Sea: sea ice as far south as Bjørnøya, equaling a sea-ice extent not seen since the eighties and nineties. Are you wondering how this is possible in times of global warming and a diminishing Arctic ice cap?
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Polar cod is a key fish species, transferring energy from zooplankton to larger animals. Polar cod depend on sea ice for spawning and during the early parts of its life. Reduced ice cover may therefore influence the survival and growth of young polar cod directly through e.g. loss of predation refuge, and indirectly by e.g. affecting the abundance and availability of prey.
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We are proud to share a glimpse of our many project activities from 2019. The report highlights of the new scientific knowledge that has started to emerge. It presents some of our research activities, our scientists and recruits.
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I am privileged. I have worked in some of the most remote places on this planet, and I have seen forms of life that only few know of, some of which have not yet gotten a name.
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The Arctic sea ice is on the move all year. It expands to its maximum during March and reaches its minimum in September. The variation during the year, and from year to year, depends on wind, weather and ocean currents. But the Arctic is changing.
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